5.2.1 GAP General Definitions
The term “hang glider”, in this section, covers all classes. These definitions take precedence over the ones given in the
General Section.
5.2.1.1 Flights
Flight: A flight of a hang glider, starting at take-off, and ending with the landing
Free flight: The part of a flight in which the hang glider is not towed, carried or assisted by another aircraft or separate
external or jettisonable power source.
Flight performance: The achievement attained during free flight.
Competition task (short “task”): See CIVL-GAP document.
Competition flight: A flight in a competition in which a pilot attempts to achieve a task as designed by the
competition’s task committee.
5.2.1.2 Locations and distances
Take-off: Place where pilots launch for the task.
Speed section: A timed section of the task where speed points are awarded. The pilots that complete the speed section
fastest receive the most time points.
Start of speed section (SSS): The location where timing of the task starts. In a task definition, this is either an exit or
an entry cylinder. For an individual pilot, it’s the place where he crossed that cylinder to begin flying the speed section.
Turnpoint (TP): A turnpoint is a geographical point, defined by coordinates and altitude above mean sea level.
Control zone: A geographical area which must be reached by the pilots in the course of a competition task.
End of speed section (ESS): The cylinder/line/point where timing of the task stops.
Goal: The finish line or cylinder defining the task’s end. Can be identical to ESS, but is often chosen as a line or a smaller
cylinder inside or even away from an ESS cylinder for safety reasons.
Landing place: The point where any part of the hang glider or its crew first touches the ground.
Task distance: The shortest possible distance a pilot has to fly to finish the task. This means he has to fly to the
boundary of each cylinder, not the turnpoints at the cylinders’ centres.
Flown distance: A pilot’s individual achieved distance in a task.
Finish point: Either the landing place or the goal crossing point.

5.2.1.3 Times
Race start: The time when pilots are allowed to cross SSS and begin flying the speed section. In a race to goal task with
a single start gate, this is also the start time for all pilots.
Start time: Time when a pilot starts flying the speed section.
Start gate: A timing reference for SSS. Depending on the chosen start procedure, multiple Start Gates can be available,
offering pilots a choice of different race start times.
Window open time: The time from when pilots are allowed to launch.
Task deadline: The time until which pilots’ flights are being scored. All distance covered after this time will not be
counted for scoring.
Finish time: Time when a pilot crossed the ESS boundary in the required direction (exit or entry) for the first time after
completing all previous portions of the task.
Task time: Time a pilot took to fly the speed section.
Landing time: The time at which any part of the hang glider or its crew first touched the ground.

5.2.2 Task types
5.2.2.1 Race task
Given a task definition, the pilots’ task then consists of launching at the take-off point within the launch time window,
reaching all given control zones in the given order and direction (enter or exit), including the start of speed section
cylinder at a time permitted by the start procedure. A task is concluded by crossing the goal line in the direction from
the last cylinder before goal with a different centre point than goal towards goal. In the absence of a goal line, the task
conclusion is achieved by reaching the final turnpoint cylinder. If a task deadline is given, flights are only considered
up to that time.
5.2.2.2 Open distance task
In open distance tasks, the pilot’s task consists of launching from the take-off point within the launch time window,
reaching all given control zones in the given order and direction (enter or exit), including, if one is defined, the start
cylinder at or after the given start time, and then fly the maximum distance, either along a given direction, or in a free
direction if none is given, away from the last given control zone. Flights are considered up to the task deadline.
5.2.3 Task setting
See details on task settings in Chapter 6 of CIVL GAP.
• Definition of a task: race and open distance.
• Definition of control zones: tirnpoint cylinder, conical end os speed section.
• Definition of goal and goal line.
• Start procedures: air, ground, race to goal, elapsed time.
• Distances: task, speed section.

5.2.4 Task ranking
5.2.4.1 Overall task ranking
Pilots are ranked by their final score, in descending order. Pilots with the same score are ranked in the same position.
5.2.4.2 Female task ranking
A female task ranking is generated by exclusively listing female pilots, with the score they achieved in the overall task
ranking. Female pilots with the same score are ranked in the same position.
5.2.4.3 Nation task ranking
For the nation task ranking, except for the Women’s World Championships, the scores of the three best-ranked
pilots of each national team are added up to create each nation’s task score. For the nation task ranking at the

Women’s World Championships, the scores of the two best-ranked pilots of each national team are added up to
create each nation’s task score. The nations are then ranked by their score, in descending order. Nations with the
same score are ranked in the same position.
For the nation task ranking, the scores of the two best-ranked pilots of each national team are added up to create
each nation’s task score. The nations are then ranked by their score, in descending order. Nations with the same
score are ranked in the same position.
5.2.5 Competition ranking
5.2.5.1 Overall competition ranking
The competition overall score of a pilot is calculated by adding up all of his task scores. Pilots are then ranked
according to their overall total score, in descending order, for the overall competition ranking. Pilots with the same
score are ranked in the same position.
The overall score of a pilot is calculated by using the FTV algorithm described in the CIVL GAP document. For
competitions with up to 6 planned tasks, an FTV factor of 0.2 is used. For competitions with 7 or more planned tasks,
an FTV factor of 0.25 is used. Pilots are then ranked according to their overall score, in descending order, for the
overall competition ranking.13
5.2.5.2 Female competition ranking
The female competition ranking is generated by exclusively listing female pilots, with the score they achieved in the
overall competition ranking.
5.2.5.3 Nation competition ranking
The competition score of a nation is calculated by adding up all of that nation’s task scores. Nations are then ranked
according to their competition total score, in descending order, for the nation competition ranking.
5.2.5.4 Ties
If the scores of the first, second or third in the overall, female or nation ranking are identical, the tie shall be broken
by adding up the task positions of the tied pilots, or teams. The pilot or team with the lowest sum is declared the
winner. If this does not break the tie, joint champions will be declared. For all other ranking positions, pilots or nations
with the same score are ranked in the same position